实施知识产权战略——我国企业应对美国337条款的有效途径

我国加入世贸组织之后,中美之间的贸易战逐渐出现一些新的变化,在反倾销措施不断加强的同时,美国正在越来越多地使用对贸易和知识产权限制更为严格的337条款作为保护其贸易的手段,使中国企业蒙受了巨大的损失。因此,实施知识产权战略,是我国企业维护自身利益,跨越美国337条款这道贸易壁垒最有效的途径。     

From reviving tradition to fostering innovation and changing marketing: the evolution of micro-brewing in the UK and US, 1980–2012

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to explore and examine the impressive growth of small and micro-breweries registered in the UK and US from the early 1980s. While the majority of British and American breweries continue to operate in spatially restricted areas and niche markets, a few businesses expanded significantly in terms of production and turnover, gradually acquiring larger shares of the market and competing with multinational producers at home as well as abroad. The cases of BrewDog and Sierra Nevada, used as case study examples in this article, provide an original account on how once-upon-a-time micro-breweries grew into well established companies by pursuing aggressive strategies in terms of marketing and innovation respectively.     

股票期权的激励机理及再设计

股票期权是西方完善市场机制的产物,作为一种薪酬制度安排,其本质是通过经营者对所获期权时间价值的追逐来实现所有者和经营者的长期激励相容。但在我国目前条件下,考虑到市场的不规则,国企产权的不清晰及相关法律的不健全等现实障碍,在引进的同时加强对股票期权的再设计是比较符合中国的国情的。为此,必须妥善解决好一系列的问题,使股票期权在中国的推行更具有现实性。     

美国大豆倾销中国的实证分析

本文通过对中美两国大豆生产成本、收益、补贴和市场价格的详细分析和比较,并参照巴西大豆的相关数据,实证分析了美国大豆以低于"正常价值"倾销中国的事实。这种倾销给中国大豆产业造成了伤害,却惠及了美国大豆产业。随着美国大豆出口量的不断扩大,国际市场大豆价格出现上涨趋势,美国大豆生产者的成本利润率显著增加,美国大豆加工企业在中国的市场份额不断提高,这种倾销方式更倾向于掠夺性倾销。本文建议向美国大豆征收反倾销税,同时采取加大对国内农业基础设施投入等一系列措施,以避免其他农产品陷入与大豆同样的被动局面。     

HIGH‐ORDER SHORT‐TIME EXPANSIONS FOR ATM OPTION PRICES OF EXPONENTIAL LÉVY MODELS

The short‐time asymptotic behavior of option prices for a variety of models with jumps has received much attention in recent years. In this work, a novel second‐order approximation for at‐the‐money (ATM) option prices is derived for a large class of exponential Lévy models with or without Brownian component. The results hereafter shed new light on the connection between both the volatility of the continuous component and the jump parameters and the behavior of ATM option prices near expiration. In the presence of a Brownian component, the second‐order term, in time‐t, is of the form , with d₂ only depending on Y, the degree of jump activity, on σ, the volatility of the continuous component, and on an additional parameter controlling the intensity of the “small” jumps (regardless of their signs). This extends the well‐known result that the leading first‐order term is . In contrast, under a pure‐jump model, the dependence on Y and on the separate intensities of negative and positive small jumps are already reflected in the leading term, which is of the form . The second‐order term is shown to be of the form and, therefore, its order of decay turns out to be independent of Y. The asymptotic behavior of the corresponding Black–Scholes implied volatilities is also addressed. Our method of proof is based on an integral representation of the option price involving the tail probability of the log‐return process under the share measure and a suitable change of probability measure under which the pure‐jump component of the log‐return process becomes a Y‐stable process. Our approach is sufficiently general to cover a wide class of Lévy processes, which satisfy the latter property and whose Lévy density can be closely approximated by a stable density near the origin. Our numerical results show that the first‐order term typically exhibits rather poor performance and that the second‐order term can significantly improve the approximation's accuracy, particularly in the absence of a Brownian component.     

试论净现值法在投资决策中的缺陷及改进

净现值法作为一种基本的投资决策方法,更符合企业财富最大化的假设及长期发展目标。在实际应用中,净现值有时会使公司的投资决策预期与实际结果产生很大的偏差。运用风险累加法和参考经验数据法合理确定折现率,并引入实物期权理论,可提高决策的科学性和准确性,使投资决策更为合理。     

中国高层经理股票期权最优激励比例研究

高层经理股票期权机制将经理人员的报酬与公司的市场价值联系在一起,从而达到降低代理成本,增加社会福利的目的。目前国内关于股权激励问题的研究很多,但还存在着一定的争议,特别是关于股权激励的定量分析。本文以经济分析法为基本研究方法,辅以实证研究的方法以高层经理股票期权为内容进行了分析,针对最优期权比例的确立进行研究,通过委托-代理模型分析方法建立最优股权激励模型,并对影响最优股权激励的因素进行讨论,提出建议,以促使股票期权激励制在中国达到应有的实施效果。     

期权思想在项目评估中的应用

传统的现金流折现项目评估法由于没有考虑企业在项目投产后进一步决策的权利,可能会使企业错过应有的投资机会或承担不必要的投资风险。在引入放弃价值和放弃期权后,可以大大改善企业对投资项目的评估效果。同时,放弃期权对投资项目有着价值提升和风险规避的作用。     

存货购销中最优期权合约交易量研究

在分析利用期权合约规避价格波动风险的原理的基础上,分别给出存货购销两个环节中可以运用的期权策略,然后利用均值方差模型计算使投资组合达到效用最大化时所对应的最优期权合约交易量及其对经营利润的影响,研究发现：在存货采购环节,企业可以通过购入看涨期权、购入看涨期权同时售出看跌期权两种策略控制采购价格波动的风险,在存货销售环节,企业可以通过购入看跌期权、同时购入看跌期权并售出看涨期权两种策略来稳定销售利润;从最优期权合约交易量及其对企业经营利润的影响来看,期权工具在控制存货采购价格、稳定销售利润中可以发挥良好作用。     

发展外汇衍生类产品业务问题的思考

大力发展外汇衍生类产品业务是我国商业银行和涉外企业的战略选择。外汇衍生类产品业务在我国仍处于发展的初级阶段，存在着很多亟待解决的问题，只有采取加快人才培养、加大监管力度、完善金融市场等措施，才能实现快速发展。